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Comparable to essential oils, terpenes, a category of chemical compounds, are the main contributors for the aromas and flavours of plants, trees, flowers, herbs, and more.
There are over a hundred terpenes, all naturally produced by plants. In cannabis, terpenes are mostly found in the trichomes (glandular structures) that are abundant on the flowers (buds).
The odours produced by the cannabis plant serve two distinct purposes. First, they act as a natural defence mechanism by repelling harmful insects and animals. Second, they play a reproductive role by attracting pollinating insects.
While the terpene profile of cannabis plants is complex and a given variety may produce several different terpenes, main profiles can still be determined. Here are the most common :
Also found in pepper and basil, its spicy aroma is similar to those of cinnamon and cloves.
Also found in citronella, thyme and hops, it gives a peppery, spicy note to beer.
Very present in chamomile, it is quite aromatic. Floral aromas with lemon and spice notes dominate.
Its fresh aroma is recognizable as that of cedar. Can sometimes smelllool slightly sweet.
Found in jasmine, citronella and ginger, its aromas tend to fruity and woody.
Very present in apple peels, it is distinguished by its predominant aroma of green apple, accompanied by notes of wood and earth.
Its pine-like aroma is accompanied by woody notes and a light scent of roses.
Primarily found in the eucalyptus tree, it is also present in rosemary, camphor, sage, and bay leaves.
Features refreshing citrus-like aroma. Also found in plants such as dill, black pepper, and mint.
Current studies are focusing heavily on the synergy between different terpenes, as well as between terpenes and cannabinoids. Both located in the trichomes of the flower, they may influence one another, potentially modulate the overall cannabis consumption experience. This phenomenon is known as the entourage effect.
Scientifically, the potential physical and psychological effects of terpenes have not yet been proven. A given cannabis product may cause different effects depending on various factors unique to each individual.
Indica, Sativa and hybrids: what’s the difference? learn more about cannabis species and hybrids and their many strains.
Relaxing, stimulating and mood-altering: cannabis can have effects that are pleasant or undesirable. Learn what causes the effects and determines how intense they are and how long they last.
Are you or a friend or family member dealing with a problem related to cannabis use? Several assistance resources are available to you. Take advantage of them!